A Change in Substance; Not Just Form

I came across an interesting article in Disability Scoop recently. 

"Most adults with disabilities in Maine who are assigned legal guardians to take charge of
their affairs are not represented by lawyers to protect their interests during the process, according to a new report that calls for reforms in the guardianship system.

Although an American publication, this was the exact situation in Nova Scotia under the former Guardianship Act. However, that legislation was repealed in 2018 and replaced by the Adult Capacity and Decision-Making Act.

This was much more than a few tweaks and a change in title*. 

The ACDMA completely overhauled our adult guardianship legislation. I have written a lot over the years about our former system but would draw your attention in particular to this post. From where I sit , this was (for the most part) a change in the right direction. 

Perhaps one of the most impactful changes was the fact that if there is any question as to the adult's level of capacity, Legal Aid will now serve those documents on the adult and explain what it all means. This gives the adult the chance to fight the application with legal counsel if they wish. 

Although under the former legislations the adult was provided with a copy of the guardianship documents, there was no mechanism in place to assist that person in understanding what they meant. Hand them over and go merrily on your way. 

Many of the other changes referenced below from the Disability Scoop article are also included in Nova Scotia's new legislation.

Maine’s probate code was rewritten in 2019, in part to better enshrine the rights of adults with disabilities. The code now instructs probate courts to consider less-restrictive alternatives — including something called supported decision-making — before granting guardianship ... 

The probate code also includes stronger language that says guardians must promote self-determination and involve individuals in decision-making and created a mechanism for individuals to file grievances.

* As fitting such significant changes to both the process and end result, Nova Scotia's former adult guardianship regime has been abolished and replaced by a "representation" regime under the ACDMA. 

Rebuilding HOPE Conference Tidbits

I attended the Rebuilding HOPE Conference on March 29, 2025. This was the second conference the 
Province has held as part of the infamous Human Rights Remedy*. 

My plan was (and still is) to post about the content of the Conference but I think we all know my history with planning and posting. 

So as a treat (and to string you along a little ;) I offer this:

... the Honourable Scott Armstrong, Minister of Opportunities and Social Development, spoke at the conference and announced a new $9.3 million investment to support people in three programs: Flex Individualized Funding, Direct Family Support for Children, and Alternative Family Support. These programs are community-based and provide individualized, self-directed, portable funding in line with the remedy. This is an interim step as the Province transitions to permanent, individualized funding for all people with disabilities. The formal announcement is available here. The Minister also had an interview with CTV following the conference - you can watch it here. We have also attached the three presentations made during the conference for your reference.

And with that I bid you adieu until we meet again.

        *With many thanks to the Disability Rights Coalition of Nova Scotia  for getting us this for. It was a long and tortious process but they hung in and that makes them heroes in my book.

       **You can read more about the Province's timeline to implement the Remedy here.

      *** Picture courtesy of Tierra Mallorca 

Medical Expenses You Can Claim

 Well, it is that time of year again so here you go, Medical Expenses You Can Claim

Medical Expenses You Can Claim

Go ye forth and may God (or someone/something) bless you. 

POWERFUL

 I AM A RESIDENT

I came across this poem while I was doing some cleaning up. It's titled "I am a Resident" but if it were up to me, I would simply call it "Powerful".

I am a resident.                                                                                                                            You reside.

I have behavior problems.                                                                                                                You are rude.

I am non-compliant.                                                                                                                        You don't like being told what to do.

When you ask me out for dinner, it's an outing.                                                                            When you ask someone else out, it's a date.

I don't know how many people have read the progress notes people write about me. I don't even know what's in there.                                                                                                 You didn't speak to your best friend for a month after they read your diary.

I made mistakes in my cheque-writing program. Some day, I might get a bank account.                      You forgot to record some withdrawals from your account. Your bank called to remind you.

I want to talk to the nice looking person behind us at the grocery store. I was told it was inappropriate to talk to strangers. You met your spouse in the produce department. They couldn't find the bean sprouts.

I celebrated my birthday yesterday with 5 other residents and 2 staff members. I hope my family sends a card.                                                                                                                                Your family threw you a surprise party. Your brother couldn't make it from out of state. It sounded wonderful.

My case manager sends a report every month to my guardian. It says everything I did wrong and some things I did right.                                                                                                                  You are mad at your sister for calling your mom after you got that speeding ticket.

I am on a special diet because I am a five pounds over my ideal body weight.                                Your doctor give up telling you.

I am learning household skills.                                                                                                        You hate housework.

I am learning leisure skills.                                                                                                              Your shirt says you are a 'couch potato'.

After I do my budget program tonight, I might get to go to McDonalds if I have enough money.      You were glad the new French restaurant took your charge card.

My case manager, psychologist, RN, occupational therapist, physical therapist, nutritionist and house staff set goals for me for the next year.                                                                              You haven't decided what you want to do for the rest of your life.

Someday I will be discharged .... maybe.                                                                                          You will move onward and upward.

Elaine Popovich

** This poem particularly moved me at the moment because in November my daughter entered the Independent Living Support program and moved into her own apartment with a roommate. But more on that later. Maybe.

Estate Planning & the Henson Trust

I see Wilful has been advertising a lot on TV lately. Avoid the hassle and cost of seeing a lawyer. Makes sense, I suppose. But not a good idea if you have beneficiary with a disability. 

If your loved one receives money from the Department of Community Services (whether from the Disability Support Program or otherwise), your Will must be carefully drafted to preserve those benefits after you’re gone. For more information, please follow the links. 

Protecting Your Child’s Future with the Henson Trust 

Can I Really Do That - The Henson Trust in Nova Scotia

You can also find more information but scrolling to the bottom of the sidebar and clicking on the Henson Trust label.

Experts’ Report: Human Rights Review and Remedy Summary

I've been hearing a lot about the "Human Rights Remedy" from our DCS social worker lately. 

The full title for the process has quite a handle; namely, the "HUMAN RIGHTS REVIEW AND REMEDY FOR THE FINDINGS OF SYSTEMIC DISCRIMINATION AGAINST NOVA SCOTIANS WITH DISABILITIES".

In a previous post giving a broad overview of the changes the Department of Community Services is now legally required to implement within the next five years, I mentioned in passing the expert's report which the government is now legally obligated to follow. 

Compared to the length and complexity of the full report, the summary found here is well-worth the read. It summarizes the six key decisions arising out of the process; namely,

    individual planning and support coordination

    closing institutions

    community-based supports and services

    a program that works in all areas of the province and many professionals work together to                   support local choices

    individualized funding; and

    disability system capacity.

Check it out.

The Devil in the Details [NS Human Rights Decision]

In my last two posts, we discussed the huge changes that are in the works for Nova Scotia's Disability Support Program.

Let's see how quickly I can do a "quick" summary of the background. As if ...

Three individuals with intellectual disabilities were kept in a locked ward in the Nova Scotia Hospital
for literally decades long after they should have been discharged and placed in the community. Possibly the world's best human rights case ever (in my humble opinion, at the moment, but I admit that I might be a little biased) followed a lengthy and tortured legal process until it finally resulted in a settlement [approved by the NS Human Rights Commission, thus, giving it the force of law (which, trust me, is HUGE)] that will radically change how (and where) services are provided to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Nova Scotia.

I set out a broad overview of what the changes will look like in my last post, but noted that I hadn't yet  read the text of the HUMAN RIGHTS REVIEW AND REMEDYFOR THE FINDINGS OF SYSTEMIC DISCRIMINATION AGAINST NOVASCOTIANS WITH DISABILITIES (aka "the expert's report"), which, despite it's length (to call it lengthy would be a serious understatement), I do intend to get to. Hey, one DSP worker who actually read the report said it was "very long but very interesting". How could I not delve into that?

Alas, I digress, as usual - for now, I will share with you a more detailed explanation of the time line for these radical changes (courtesy of the Disability Rights Coalition)*.

Highlights of the Report and interim settlement include: 

Deinstitutionalization

 In year 1, the Province will institute a “no new admissions” policy to DSP funded institutions

 By year 3, 75% of those people currenting residing in ARCs, RRCs and RCFs will be living in community based settings.

 Within five years, or by March 31, 2028, the government will close all institutional settings for persons with disabilities.

 

Individualized Planning Supports and Funding 

 In year 2, the new individual planning and coordination and individualized funding system will be full operational which includes an accessible system designed with users in mind.

 In year 2, a province wide critical response team will be fully established to ensure people in crisis have immediate access to supports and services as well as multi-disciplinary teams to meet needs wherever people choose to live in Nova Scotia

Supporting People in Their Community of Choice

 In year 1, the Local Area Coordination model will begin with the creation of 25 new local area coordinators and local area coordination leads in all 4 regions and by year 3 there will be 80 local area coordinators throughout Nova Scotia. Putting an end to years-long delays in accessing social assistance

 In year 3, all persons currently on the DSP waitlist and receiving no access to social assistance will be provided with full access to the supports and services they require to live in community

 In year 5, the DSP waitlist will end, with new applicants being provided with immediate access to navigational supports and services and, where appropriate, emergency response.

 

Yeah, I too, am wondering how everything can occur on that exact schedule when the Province has openly admitted it needs to hire 100 more social workers, which they will do that at the rate of 25 per year.

Hmm, I know math has never been my strongest but ... How does that go again?

100/4 = 25. 

Nope, it must be that new math: 

100/4 + 30.5-75 x 10 + 12 = nothing to see here; move along now

Yeah, that's it. That's the ticket. 

* No, it wouldn't be too far beyond the realm of possibility for me to call the Disability Rights Coalition my heroes (and seriously, yours and yours and yours, too)

The Continuing Saga of Human Rights in Nova Scotia

In my last post, we discussed the (hopefully) upcoming changes to the Disability Support Program following the ruling of the NS Court of Appeal in the human rights case involving three residents of the NS Hospital.

I gave some of the backstory and talked about the interim agreement reached between the Disability Rights Coalition and the Province.

Believe me, after all these years, I'm as cynical as anyone else when it comes to wholesale changes in how (and if) Nova Scotia delivers services to individuals with disabilities. 

But the one change (and if this doesn't make a difference, I can't see how anything else ever will) in this case is a decision with the force of law behind it.

The NS Court of Appeal agreed with us and the Supreme Court of Canada denied the Province's leave to appeal so .... there's really nowhere else for them to go.

Our family attended one of the in-person sessions held across the Province and it was ... interesting. Kentville was suppose to be the third meeting but ended up being the first and the Province readily admitted that it wasn't prepared for the turnout. 

A few interesting take-aways from the meeting. 

• The Province has 5 years to implement all the changes set out in the Agreement.
• They will need to hire 100 more social workers to make this work.
• The plan is to hire 25 social workers every year.*
• The waiting list that always 'wasn't** will no longer exist.
• Instead your worker will come to you to ask where and how you want to live.

A very astute person in the audience asked what would happen if suitable housing wasn't available (which seems to be the case for a lot of people in the Province, with disabilities or not). The response was something to the effect that if you couldn't find what you were looking for, you would need to wait until you could. I assume that meant you would need to 'settle for something else'  (of your choice) in the interim but you know what they say about the danger of assuming. Although I suppose we can't legitimately ask the Province at this point to figure that (or a lot of other things) out right away.

The sessions are over now so I hope at least some of you attended.

BUT the reason I started this post was ... [drum roll please] ... I actually read the plain language executive summary of the independent expert report today. I found it a little hard to navigate at first - how the heck do I find p. 2 - but it turns out the squiggly little up and down arrows at the bottom of the page did the trick. It's very short and I make no comment on its sweetness but I would suggest we all at least start there.

The full report (which I admit I have not yet read) can be found here.

Very well. Carry on.

*Meaning that it will take 4 years just to get the staff they need.

** I assume most of us have found that depending on who you speak with (and when), there may or may not be a waiting list for services.

URGENT: Disability Support Program

 Back in the mists of time, we briefly discussed a human rights complaint brought against the Province regarding the Disability Support Program.

The case has had a very long and somewhat torturous* history (during which the provincial government repeatedly flipflopped on whether it would appeal any adverse  rulings**), but at the end of the day, it has turned into a ground-breaking human rights decision from Nova Scotia (of all places!).

At any rate, a huge shout out to the Disability Rights Coalition, who spearheaded the whole thing.

For anyone not in the know, back in 2015, a human rights complaint was brought against the Province regarding three intellectually challenged adults who had been locked in a mental institution for (literally) years for no good or defensible reason. Although legitimately admitted at one point, they were trapped there long past when they should have discharged because no "suitable housing" could be found in the community.

Although initially successful for the three individual complainants***, the Commission refused to extend its remedy in a way that might help other individuals subject to the Disability Support Program's residential options.

Eventually, we made it to the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal where the claim of systemic discrimination was found to be valid. 

HALLELJUAH

An interim settlement was negotiated, with yet another independent expert report, this time to advise to how the systemic discrimination in the Province's provision of supports and services could be resolved. 

However, unlike other studies and reports over years which were shelved by the government, this one has some teeth. You can read the full report here, but if you would prefer the Executive Summary in "plain language" (I know I would!), I suggest you go here.

All of which had led us here:

... there will be a series of in-person sessions held across the Province for participants and their families/support networks. The sessions will be an opportunity to com together to discuss the content of the technical report and the next steps.

The sessions will take place between May 30 and June 14 in nine communities across the province. Please see below for the schedule. Each session will be two hours and will consist of a brief presentation from People First Nova Scotia (disability self-advocacy organization) reps along with Randy Acker, DSP Director. There will be time for smaller individual and group discussions within the venue to allow people to ask questions and gather the information they need. Light snacks and refreshments will be provided. If participants require additional transportation funding to attend the session, please contact your care coordinator.

The list of dates and locations follow: 

Bridgewater - NSCC - Lunenburg Campus 75 High St Bridgewater, NS B4V 1V8 Tuesday May 30 -- 1:30-3:30 PM or 5:30-7:30 PM 

Yarmouth -YACRO Hub 6 Thurston St. Yarmouth, NS B5A 4K5 Wednesday May 31 -- 1:30-3:30 PM or 5:30-7:30 PM 

Kentville - Kentville Fire Dept 463 Main St Kentville, NS B4N 1K9 Thursday June 1 -- 1:30-3:30 PM or 5:30-7:30 PM

Pugwash - Cumberland Public Libraries - Pugwash Branch 10182 Durham St Pugwash, NS B0K 1L0 Tuesday June 6 -- 1:30-3:30 PM or 5:30-7:30 PM 

New Glasgow - Summer Street Industries 72 Park St. New Glasgow, NS B2H 5B8 Wednesday June 7 -- 1:30-3:30 PM or 5:30-7:30 PM 

Dartmouth - NSCC Ackerley Campus 21 Woodlawn Rd Dartmouth, NS B2W 2R7 Location - Gymnasium Entrance #7 Thursday June 8 PM -- 1:30-3:30 PM 

Halifax - Club Inclusion 2652 Joseph Howe Dr Halifax, NS B3N 1J2 Thursday June -- 8 5:30-7:30 PM 

Whycocomagh - Whycocomagh Waterfront Centre 9650 NS-105 Whycocomagh, NS B0E 3M0 Tuesday June 13 -- 1:30-3:30 PM Sydney - NSCC Marconi Campus – Room B101B 1240 Grand Lake Rd Grand Lake, NS B1P 6J7 Tuesday June 13 – 6:00-8:00 PM Wednesday June 14 -- 10:00-12:00 noon

 

WE SERIOUSLY NEED TO SHOW UP FOR THESE SESSIONS 

~   ~  ~  ~  ~

 * In other words, yes, you messed up and must compensate these individuals but we're not going to touch the bigger problem (lack of adequate housing and community supports) for those with intellectual or developmental challenges. Can't touch that with a ten-foot pole. 

** After several flip flops as to whether or not the government would take these poor people on social assistance to court by two different governments (first Liberal, then Conservatize), the Province just did just that, challenging the monetary compensation ordered. Fortunately, the Disability Rights Coalition cross-appealed the finding of no systemic discrimination.

 ** Cash awards were made to each complainant between $200,000 and $300,000. Unfortunately, two of the adults passed away before the case made it to the Court of Appeal.

Buried in Budget 2023 ...

Some quick snippets from Inclusion Canada concerning some positive signs from the most recent federal budget.

Frist, the provision allowing certain family members to open a RDSP on behalf of an adult with an intellectual disability has been extended and expanded.

Budget 2023 extends the “qualifying family member provision” until December 2026 and has extended this provision further to allow siblings to also become plan holders where the decision making capacity of the individual with the intellectual disability is called into question. Most importantly, the federal government has issued a call to action to the provincial and territorial governments to address issues around guardianship for people with intellectual disabilities. 

Then, the pilot of a new automatic tax filing system for individuals with disabilities.

Another subtle victory for people with intellectual disabilities in Canada: the government intends to pilot a new automatic tax filing system for vulnerable Canadians. This has the potential to remove roadblocks and improve access to government benefits and programs for people with disabilities. 

Finally, the first budgeted figure for the Canadian Disability Benefit.

Yesterday's budget committed $21.5 million to the groundwork for the development of the Canada Disability Benefit. We are encouraged by this commitment ,however we will be looking for a more substantial commitment to the actual funding of the benefit in the fall economic statement after the Bill receives royal assent. 

Carry on. 

#Where's The Bill?

Following up on my last update on the Canada Disability Benefit, I have some more news to share.

According to Disability Without Poverty, during the Committee process a few positive changes have been adopted, including

• 
  indexing the benefit to inflation; 
• a requirement that agreements with provinces and territories be made public;
• a requirement that people with disabilities be meaningfully engaged in developing regulations; and
• requiring the Official Poverty Line to be considered in setting the benefit. 

As for what's next, once Parliament re-opens on January 30, Bill C-22 must be put on the agenda so the the HUMA committee report can be presented and voted on. This vote will move the Bill into Third Reading and eventually the Senate. After the Senate passes Bill C-22 and it receives royal assent, it will become law.

The Regulations

In my mind, the most important of the amendments set out above might just be the requirement that people with disabilities be meaningfully engaged in developing regulations. 

As I've noted before, passing legislation is far from the end of the story. Regulations are always important in that they flesh out the legislation and deal with important details. They often contain some of the meat and the teeth of the law.

However, in this case, they're even more important because unfortunately, the legislation, itself, tells us very little. The proposed legislation isn't much more than a bare bones skeleton.

All we know is that those eligible (nothing tells us who that might be) will be paid a Canada Disability Benefit. [ss. 4-5] 

Other than that, the only other thing of import is that this "benefit" (however much it might be) can't be taken in cases of bankruptcy, garnished if you owe someone money or otherwise be taken away by operation of law. [sec. 9] **

Good news to be sure but .... how much and to whom? Kind of important details, wouldn't you agree? 

Sadly (and ironically), if this legislation became law today, not a single Canadian (with or without a disability) would benefit. It wouldn't even make a good paperweight, given how short it is. 

This is why  the requirement that people with disabilities (and presumably their allies) must be meaningfully engaged in developing the regulations is so crucial.

And time passes.

** Fortunately, this includes the Dept of Community Services. They won't be unable to claw the benefit back. Now that's worth celebrating.

Update on Canada Disability Benefit Act

This past week, MPs unanimously passed the second reading of  Bill C-22, the Canada Disability Act.

This only happened thanks to a lot of work by the disability community in reaching out to MPs to stress the importance of the creation of the Canada Disability Benefit. We all need to be proud of this moment. 

The proposed legislation will now move to the Committee stage, where MPs on the Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities (HUMA) will study the Bill and hear from witnesses, people with disabilities, disability groups and others. 

NOTE: Moving forward in this post, I will be using the terms legislation, statute and Act (such as the Canada Disability Act) interchangeably. 

However, there is a lot more work to do before the Bill is passed into law. 

After being considered by the Committee, the Bill will return to the House of Commons for the Report stage and Third Reading debate before its final vote. Only then will it be sent to the Senate where it will go through all the same stages it went through in the House of Commons. 

Inclusion Canada is hoping that it is hoped that the legislation will be passed by Parliament by December 2022 and the Canadian Disability Benefit created quickly in 2023. Unfortunately, even that is far from the end of the story. This is no time to rest on our laurels.

The Devil in the Details

This is the current version of the draft legislation. If you read it carefully, you will see it doesn't tell us much other than a Benefit will be created. We are left wondering who will be eligible, how much individuals will actually receive or if it's a one-time payment or annual benefit, among other things. 

Here's the sticking point. 

Passing legislation can be quite a challenge depending on who/what it benefits and the political makeup of the House. Think minority government. But often, as this is this case, that is far from the end of the story.

Many, many moons ago, I discussed how legislation (in this case, the proposed Canada Disability Act), regulations and policy interact. I suggest you take a quick look at that before we move on to look at what happens after next, after the legislation is finally passed.

Passing legislation is far from the end of the story.

Major Improvements to Disability Tax Credit Eligibility

I've written a fair bit over the years about the Disability Tax Credit ("DCT"); primarily how worthwhile it is to have and how difficult it is to be approved. Finally, some good news.

In order to qualify for the DTC, a medical practitioner must certify that you have have 

• a severe and prolonged impairment in one of the specified categories;
• a significant limitations in two or more categories, or 
• receive therapy to support a vital function.

The good news is that the eligibility criteria for mental functions and some other disabilities has been expanded and made retroactive to January 1, 2021, so even if you previously applied and were refused, you might just get there now.  

The various categories are set out below, but I'm going to focus on "mental function" today. You can view the previous (2020) and expanded criteria to qualify under mental function here. 

As just one example of the changes, previously only adaptive functioning, memory and judgment were considered under the heading "mental function". Now, in addition to the above, attention; concentration; goal setting; perception of reality; problem solving; regulating behaviour and emotions; and verbal and nonverbal comprehension will be considered. 

The requirements of what can be considered under each of the above items have also been expanded to  allow for consideration of more things. For example., when looking at adaptive functioning, for the first time adapting to change, expressing basic needs and going into the community will be considered.

One of my personal favourites, when looking at judgment, previously only things such as following treatment prescribed by a doctor and selecting clothing appropriate to the weather were considered. Now, in addition to the above, recognizing the risks of being taken advantage of by others and understanding the consequences of your actions will also be considered. Anyone who has dealt with a representation application (formerly known as adult guardianship) knows just how important those last two things are to safety and functioning in everyday life.

It's a little confusing to explain some of the changes, so I strongly recommend you check out the both the previous and new more inclusive list of items considered for yourself. 

As I said, we have only looked at the criteria under "mental functions" in this post, but as noted above there are changes in the criterial for other types of disabilities, too, such as 

• the recognition of more activities in determining time spent on life-sustaining therapies; 
• a decrease in the required frequency of life sustaining therapy (now requires a minimum of two times per week as opposed to three); and
• including individual with Type One diabetes under the heading "life sustaining therapy".

You can find more detail on those other categories here. 

Not to say the system is now perfect but it should be a LOT BETTER than before and remember, besides the tax savings, the DTC is the gateway to all federal programs for persons with disabilities, such as the Registered Disability Savings Plan and soon (hopefully) the Canada Disability Benefit.

* The categories are walking, mental functions, dressing, feeding, eliminating (bowel or bladder functions), hearing, speaking and vision